Thursday, October 27, 2016

MTOR inhibitors


A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors block the activity of the mammalian target of rapamycin. Mammalian target of rapamycin is a protein kinase, which regulates growth factors that stimulate cell growth and angiogenesis. In certain cancers the mTOR pathway is more active.


Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors are used in treatment of renal cancer and is being studied for use in other types of cancers. More benefits are being seen when MTOR inhibitors are combined with other chemotherapy agents.

See also

Medical conditions associated with mTOR inhibitors:

  • Brain Tumor
  • Breast Cancer
  • Organ Transplant, Rejection Prophylaxis
  • Pancreatic Cancer
  • Renal Cell Carcinoma

Drug List:

Posted by at 1 comment:
Labels:

Vitamin D Deficiency Medications


Definition of Vitamin D Deficiency: Rickets is a childhood disorder involving softening and weakening of the bones, primarily caused by lack of vitamin D, calcium, and/or phosphate.

Drugs associated with Vitamin D Deficiency

The following drugs and medications are in some way related to, or used in the treatment of Vitamin D Deficiency. This service should be used as a supplement to, and NOT a substitute for, the expertise, skill, knowledge and judgment of healthcare practitioners.

Topics under Vitamin D Deficiency

  • Rickets (9 drugs)

Learn more about Vitamin D Deficiency

Medical Encyclopedia:

  • Osteomalacia
  • Rickets




Drug List:

Posted by at No comments:
Labels:

Colony stimulating factors


A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.

Colony stimulating factors are glycoproteins that promote production of white blood cells (mainly granulocytes such as neutrophils), in response to infection. Administration of exogenous colony stimulating factors stimulates the stem cells in the bone marrow to produce more of the particular white blood cells. The new white blood cells migrate into the blood and fight the infection.


Colony stimulating factors are used in patients who are undergoing cancer treatment that causes low white blood cell counts (neutropenia) and puts the patient at risk of infection. Colony stimulating factors tend to reduce the time where patients are neutropenic.

See also

Medical conditions associated with colony stimulating factors:

  • Aplastic Anemia
  • Bone Marrow Transplantation
  • Bone Marrow Transplantation, Failure or Engraftment Delay
  • Bone Marrow Transplantation, Myeloid Reconstruction
  • Myelodysplastic Syndrome
  • Neutropenia
  • Neutropenia Associated with AIDS or Zidovudine
  • Neutropenia Associated with Chemotherapy
  • Peripheral Progenitor Cell Transplantation
  • Sepsis

Drug List:

Posted by at No comments:
Labels:

Kawasaki Disease (Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome) Medications


Definition of Kawasaki Disease: A non-specific disease, with no apparent infectious agent, that affects the mucus membranes, lymph nodes, lining of the blood vessels, and the heart.

Drugs associated with Kawasaki Disease

The following drugs and medications are in some way related to, or used in the treatment of Kawasaki Disease. This service should be used as a supplement to, and NOT a substitute for, the expertise, skill, knowledge and judgment of healthcare practitioners.

Learn more about Kawasaki Disease (Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome)

Micromedex Care Notes:

  • Kawasaki Disease

Medical Encyclopedia:

  • Kawasaki disease




Drug List:

Posted by at No comments:
Labels:

Agents for hypertensive emergencies


A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.

Agents for hypertensive emergencies are given parenterally as it is critical to reduce the blood pressure immediately because at that stage it could be life threatening. Hypertensive emergencies are hypertensive encephalopathy, eclampsia, acute left ventricular failure and acute heart failure.


Generally, agents used in hypertensive emergencies are vasodilators, which widen blood vessels and reduce blood pressure.

See also

Medical conditions associated with agents for hypertensive emergencies:

  • Heart Failure
  • Hypertensive Emergency
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Prevention of Radiographic Contrast Nephropathy

Drug List:

Posted by at No comments:
Labels:

Anorexiants


A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.

Anorexiants are drugs that act on the brain to suppress appetite. They have a stimulant effect on the hypothalamic and limbic regions, which control satiety. Anorexiants are used as therapy for obesity.

See also

Medical conditions associated with anorexiants:

  • ADHD
  • Nasal Congestion
  • Obesity
  • Weight Loss

Drug List:

Posted by at No comments:
Labels:

Bronchodilator combinations


A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.

Bronchodilator combinations are generally inhalers or inhalation devices, which contain more than one bronchodilator, or a bronchodilator and a steroid.


Bronchodilator combinations with more than one bronchodilator usually consist of a short acting and a long acting bronchodilator. The bronchodilators may work by different mechanisms to dilate the air passages, and makes air flow easier.


Bronchodilator combinations with a steroid and bronchodilator act more like a preventative. Steroids block the body

See also

Medical conditions associated with bronchodilator combinations:

  • Asthma
  • Asthma, Maintenance
  • COPD
  • COPD, Maintenance

Drug List:

Posted by at No comments:
Labels:

Mast cell stabilizers


A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.

Mast cell stabilizers act on mast cells and prevent them from releasing substances that cause allergic reactions. They block a calcium channel that is important for degranulation (which occurs after exposure to specific antigens) of sensitized mast cells, and inhibits the release of histamine and slow-reacting substances of anaphylaxis. Mast cell stabilizers are used to prevent asthma attacks and the symptoms of seasonal or chronic allergic rhinitis.

See also

Medical conditions associated with mast cell stabilizers:

  • Asthma, Maintenance
  • Inflammatory Bowel Disease
  • Systemic Mastocytosis

Drug List:

Posted by at No comments:
Labels:

Wednesday, October 26, 2016

Anti-angiogenic ophthalmic agents


A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.

Anti-angiogenic ophthalmic agents act as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antagonists. When retinal pigment cells become ischemic and dry up VEGF stimulates generation of new blood vessels by a process called neovascularization. During the generation of new blood vessels in the retina, if the blood vessels do not generate properly it causes leaking. This can lead to loss of vision.


Anti-angiogenic ophthalmic agents are used to stop neovascularization in age related macular degeneration.

See also

Medical conditions associated with anti-angiogenic ophthalmic agents:

  • Diabetic Retinopathy
  • Macular Degeneration
  • Macular Edema

Drug List:

Posted by at No comments:
Labels:

Antibiotics/antineoplastics


A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.

Antibiotic antineoplastics are agents that have microbial origin, that is they are derived from microorganisms. The different antibiotic antineoplastic agents affect DNA replication by various cytotoxic actions. They are used as chemotherapy agents to treat many types of cancers.

See also

Medical conditions associated with antibiotics/antineoplastics:

  • Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
  • Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia
  • Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia
  • Acute Myeloid Leukemia
  • Acute Nonlymphocytic Leukemia
  • Bladder Cancer
  • Breast Cancer
  • Breast Cancer, Adjuvant
  • Cancer
  • Ewing's Sarcoma
  • Hairy Cell Leukemia
  • Hodgkin's Lymphoma
  • Hypercalcemia
  • Hypercalciuria
  • Kaposi's Sarcoma
  • Leukemia
  • Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis
  • Lung Cancer
  • Lymphoma
  • Malignant Pleural Effusion
  • Multiple Myeloma
  • Multiple Sclerosis
  • Neuroblastoma
  • Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
  • Osteoarthritis
  • Osteosarcoma
  • Ovarian Cancer
  • Pancreatic Cancer
  • Prostate Cancer
  • Rhabdomyosarcoma
  • Soft Tissue Sarcoma
  • Solid Tumors
  • Squamous Cell Carcinoma
  • Stomach Cancer
  • Testicular Cancer
  • Thyroid Cancer
  • Trophoblastic Disease
  • Urinary Tract Tumors
  • Wilms' Tumor

Drug List:

Posted by at No comments:
Labels:

Vitamin/Mineral Supplementation and Deficiency Medications


Drugs associated with Vitamin/Mineral Supplementation and Deficiency

The following drugs and medications are in some way related to, or used in the treatment of Vitamin/Mineral Supplementation and Deficiency. This service should be used as a supplement to, and NOT a substitute for, the expertise, skill, knowledge and judgment of healthcare practitioners.

See sub-topics

Topics under Vitamin/Mineral Supplementation and Deficiency

  • Beriberi (1 drug)

  • Carnitine Deficiency (3 drugs)

  • Drug Induced Vitamin/Mineral Deficiency (3 drugs)

  • Niacin Deficiency (6 drugs)

  • Pellagra (6 drugs)

  • Scurvy (24 drugs)

  • Vitamin A Deficiency (4 drugs)

  • Vitamin B1 Deficiency (2 drugs in 2 topics)

  • Vitamin B12 Deficiency (12 drugs in 2 topics)

  • Vitamin C Deficiency (0 drugs)

  • Vitamin D Deficiency (18 drugs in 2 topics)

  • Vitamin D Insufficiency (5 drugs)

  • Vitamin E Deficiency (13 drugs)

  • Vitamin K Deficiency (4 drugs)

  • Vitamin/Mineral Supplementation during Pregnancy/Lactation (228 drugs)





Drug List:

Posted by at No comments:
Labels:

CD52 monoclonal antibodies


A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.

Monoclonal antibodies used in immunotherapy are produced artificially from a cell clone therefore consist of a single type of immunoglobulin. They are targeted towards specific antigens and bind to the antigens to form a complex. The complex can be recognized and destroyed by phagocytes or used for other diagnostic purposes.


Natural antibodies are proteins made by the B-lymphocytes in response to antigens. Each B-cell makes only one type of antibody. For therapeutic purposes a significant amount of a particular antibody is needed. These are obtained from a culture that gives a one type of antibody, which are called monoclonal antibodies.


CD52 antigens are present on lymphocytes. CD52 monoclonal antibodies bind to CD52 antigens and bring about complement and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. CD52 monoclonal antibodies are used to treat patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL).

See also

Medical conditions associated with CD52 monoclonal antibodies:

  • Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
  • Rheumatoid Arthritis

Drug List:

Posted by at No comments:
Labels:

Antidiuretic hormones


A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.

Antidiuretic hormone, also known as vasopressin is a hormone released by the posterior pituitary. It is important mainly for its actions on the kidneys where it increases the re-absorption of water. Vasopressin is also a powerful vasoconstrictor. Its effects are through two types of receptors, V1 and V2.


Water retention is mediated through V2 receptors, occurs at low plasma concentrations of vasopressin and is due to activation of adenylate cyclase and increased cAMP production in the collecting ducts of the nephrons. It increases the permeability of the membrane to water.


Vasopressin causes contraction of smooth muscle, mainly in the cardiovascular system. Vasocontriction occurs by mediation of V1 receptors and requires higher concentrations if vasopressin.

See also

Medical conditions associated with antidiuretic hormones:

  • Abdominal Distension Prior to Abdominal X-ray
  • Asystole
  • Diabetes Insipidus
  • Esophageal Varices with Bleeding
  • Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
  • Hemophilia A
  • Postoperative Gas Pains
  • Primary Nocturnal Enuresis
  • Ventricular Fibrillation
  • Ventricular Tachycardia
  • von Willebrand's Disease

Drug List:

Posted by at No comments:
Labels:

Miscellaneous respiratory agents


A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.

Respiratory agents are drugs or a combination of drugs used to prevent, relieve or treat respiratory diseases. They can be taken as pills or liquid, for the drugs to work systemically. Or they can be available as inhalers or other forms or inhalation devices, where the medicine is delivered directly into the lungs.

See also

Medical conditions associated with miscellaneous respiratory agents:

  • Alpha-1 Proteinase Inhibitor Deficiency
  • Cystic Fibrosis
  • Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome
  • Respiratory Failure

Drug List:

Posted by at No comments:
Labels:

Histone deacetylase inhibitors


A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are a group of agents that inhibit the histone deactylase enzymes. During gene expression DNA coils and uncoils around histones. Histone acetylases, acetylate the lysine residues in core histones and histone deactylases remove the acetyl groups from the lysine residues. These actions are important in the regulation of gene expression.


Histone deacetylase inhibitors prevent the deactylation, affect gene expression and causes apoptosis of tumor cells. Histone deacetylase inhibitors are used to treat cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.

See also

Medical conditions associated with histone deacetylase inhibitors:

  • Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma
  • Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma

Drug List:

Posted by at No comments:
Labels:

Vesicoureteral Reflux Nephropathy Medications


There are currently no drugs listed for "Vesicoureteral Reflux Nephropathy".

Learn more about Vesicoureteral Reflux Nephropathy

Medical Encyclopedia:

  • Reflux nephropathy




Drug List:

Posted by at No comments:
Labels:

Tuesday, October 25, 2016

Upper respiratory combinations


A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.

Upper respiratory combinations are products that may contain one or more medicines, which relieve cough, act as decongestants or relieve allergy or hay fever symptoms.

See also

Medical conditions associated with upper respiratory combinations:

  • Allergic Urticaria
  • Allergies
  • Cold Symptoms
  • Cough
  • Cough and Nasal Congestion
  • Expectoration
  • Eye Dryness/Redness
  • Eye Redness/Itching
  • Fever
  • Hay Fever
  • Headache
  • Influenza
  • Nasal Congestion
  • Pain
  • Pain/Fever
  • Pruritus
  • Rhinitis
  • Rhinorrhea
  • Sinus Symptoms
  • Sinusitis
  • Tonsillitis/Pharyngitis
  • Upper Respiratory Tract Infection

Drug List:

Posted by at No comments:
Labels:

Miscellaneous cardiovascular agents


A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.

Miscellaneous cardiovascular agents are drugs, which are used to treat conditions of the heart, or the circulatory or vascular system. Many classes of cardiovascular agents are available to treat the various cardiovascular conditions. They may work by different mechanisms and one agent may be used to treat several types of cardiovascular problems.

See also

Medical conditions associated with miscellaneous cardiovascular agents:

  • Dermal Necrosis, Treatment
  • Dysautonomia
  • Hereditary Angioedema
  • Hypercalcemia
  • Hypotension
  • Intermittent Claudication
  • Pheochromocytoma
  • Pheochromocytoma Diagnosis
  • Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome
  • Reversal of Anesthesia
  • Ventricular Arrhythmia

Drug List:

Posted by at No comments:
Labels:

Antiemetic/antivertigo agents


Vomiting is controlled by the vomiting center in the medulla. Vomiting center is activated by either one of four trigger zones: chemoreceptor trigger zone, vestibular nuclei, cerebral cortex and gastrointestinal tract. Vomiting center is controlled by serotonin (5-HT3), muscarinic and histamine (H1) receptors.


Chemoreceptor trigger zone is sensitive to chemical stimuli, such as opioids and cytotoxic drugs. It is under the control of dopamine, serotonin (5-HT3) and opioid receptors.


Vestibular nuclei is controlled by muscarinic and histamine (H1) receptors. This is activated in vertigo or motion sickness.


Cerebral cortex activates vomiting from smell, thought and so on. Gastrointestinal tract has serotonin (5-HT3) receptors, which are affected by chemotherapeutic drugs.


Different classes of drugs work on different receptors and act as antiemetics and antivertigo agents.

See also

  • 5HT3 receptor antagonists
  • anticholinergic antiemetics
  • miscellaneous antiemetics
  • phenothiazine antiemetics

Drug List:

Posted by at No comments:
Labels:

Antimalarial combinations


A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.

Antimalarial combinations are products that contain more than one antimalarial agent in the one pill or dose. The different agents generally have different modes of action so attack the bacteria in different ways and in different stages of the life-cycle of the bacteria. These products give better antimicrobial action. Having more than one agent in one pill increases compliance and may prevent drug resistant strains of bacteria from emerging.

See also

Medical conditions associated with antimalarial combinations:

  • Malaria
  • Malaria Prevention
  • Pneumocystis Pneumonia Prophylaxis

Drug List:

Posted by at No comments:
Labels:

Miscellaneous topical agents


A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.

Topical agents are used locally, where the medicine is applied on the area being treated. For example creams, ointment and lotions are applied topically on the skin. Eye drops are instilled directly into the eyes.


The miscellaneous topical agents listed here are mostly agents used topically to treat skin conditions.

See also

Medical conditions associated with miscellaneous topical agents:

  • Acne
  • Actinic Keratosis
  • Allergic Urticaria
  • Alopecia
  • Anal Itching
  • Atopic Dermatitis
  • Back Pain
  • Basal Cell Carcinoma
  • Burning Mouth Syndrome
  • Burns, External
  • Bursitis
  • Cold Symptoms
  • Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma
  • Dandruff
  • Dermatitis
  • Dermatologic Lesion
  • Dermatological Disorders
  • Diabetic Nerve Damage
  • Diaper Rash
  • Dry Skin
  • Eczema
  • Epicondylitis, Tennis Elbow
  • Eyelash Hypotrichosis
  • Herpes Simplex
  • Hirsutism
  • Hyperhidrosis
  • Inflammatory Conditions
  • Kaposi's Sarcoma
  • Melasma
  • Mucositis
  • Muscle Pain
  • Nasal Congestion
  • Osteoarthritis
  • Pain
  • Period Pain
  • Perioral Dermatitis
  • Peripheral Neuropathy
  • Persisting Pain, Shingles
  • Photoaging of the Skin
  • Pityriasis rubra pilaris
  • Pruritus
  • Psoriasis
  • Raynaud's Syndrome
  • Rheumatoid Arthritis
  • Seborrheic Dermatitis
  • Skin Cancer
  • Tendonitis
  • Tinea Versicolor
  • Wound Cleansing

Drug List:

Posted by at No comments:
Labels:
Subscribe to: Posts (Atom)